UNDERSTANDING MATERIAL HARDNESS TESTING
Hardness testers are precision instruments designed to measure the hardness of a material. Hardness is a fundamental property of a material that can vary depending on several factors, primarily the compactness and structure of the material. For instance, the hardness of steel can be altered through heat treatment processes, such as quenching. Quenching involves heating the metal to a high temperature and then rapidly cooling it, which causes the internal structure to change and become more compact, resulting in increased hardness. Conversely, if steel is heated and cooled slowly, its hardness decreases.
The hardness value of a material can also provide insights into other important properties, such as tensile strength. By measuring hardness, one can infer the material’s ability to withstand deformation or failure under stress. There are various methods for measuring hardness, each based on distinct principles: Brinell, Vickers, Knoop, Rockwell, Shore, and IRHD. Despite the differences in techniques, all methods follow the same basic principle: pressing a hard indenter into the material and measuring the extent of penetration. Each hardness testing method has its own procedure, which is governed by international standards.
HARDNESS TESTING STANDARDS
| Rockwell |
ISO 6508 |
ASMT E18 |
| Brinell |
ISO 6506 |
ASTM E10 (HBW)
ASTM E103 (HBTW) |
| Vickers / Knoop |
ISO 6507 |
ASTM E92 (F>1kg)
ASTM E384 (F<1kg) |
| Shore |
ISO 868
DIN ISO 7619 |
ASTM D2240
ASTM D1414 (O-Ring) |
| IRHD |
ISO 48 |
ASTM D1415
ASTM D1414 (O-Ring) |
| Rockwell (Plastic) |
ISO 2039-1
ISO 2039-2 |
ASTM E110
ASTM E3246 |
| Portables |
DIN 50157 |
ASTM E110
ASTM E3246 |
These standards ensure consistency and reliability across testing procedures worldwide, allowing for accurate and comparable results. ATI offers comprehensive testing and calibration services for all types of hardness measurements, ensuring that your instruments meet the highest global standards. Our expertise and ISO 17025 accreditation provide you with confidence in the accuracy and quality of your testing processes.